What are greenhouse gases?
Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere are called greenhouse gases, or GHG. These gases are present in the atmosphere naturally, keeping our planet's surface at a comfortable temperature. However, human-driven activities like burning fossil fuels have drastically increased the concentration of these GHGs, specifically carbon dioxide and methane. Once in the atmosphere, GHGs act as a blanket, trapping heat in the planet's surface. This trapped heat leads to what is know as global warming - the average global increase in temperature, and consequently, a changing climate.
GHG emissions data is collected and reported using a single metric for ease of understanding, which is metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents or MTCDE. Emissions are reported according to their source and scope. There are three scopes of emissions - scopes 1, 2, and 3. Below are examples of emission sources for each scope.